<p>The Minden Flour Milling Company is a historic flour mill located at 1609 USA Highway 395 in Minden, Nevada. Built in 1906, the mill was the largest of five flour mills built in the Carson Valley and is the only one still in existence. The building has a transitional design in two respects, as it reflects the change from early European-influenced mills to 20th-century American mills as well as the move from smaller rural mills to large mills built along railroads. The mill features a masonry bearing-wall style of construction, a concrete foundation considered novel at the time, and well-crafted masonry and woodwork. The operators of the mill had a significant influence on Minden commerce, as they were instrumental in both the extension of the Virginia and Truckee Railroad to the town and the expansion of electric power to the area. By the 1920s, the mill had become "one of the biggest milling concerns in the state&quot it could process 100 barrels of flour a day and also produced chicken and cattle feed. The mill operated until the 1960s.</p><br>
<p>The mill was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 14, 1978.</p><br>
<p>The Minden Wool Warehouse is a historic warehouse building located at 1615 Railroad Avenue in Minden, Nevada. Built in 1915, the warehouse was designed by prominent Nevada architect Frederic Joseph DeLongchamps. DeLongchamps designed the building for H. F. Dangberg, the founder of Minden, and the warehouse served as the headquarters for Dangberg&#39;s Dangberg Land and Livestock Company. Carson Valley farmers used the warehouse to store wool and potatoes before they were shipped out of Minden. The warehouse was later rented to the Minden Flour Company and a local creamery; it is now used as an office building by the Bently Nevada Corporation.</p><br>
<p>The warehouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 6, 1986.</p><br>
<p>The Minden Butter Manufacturing Company, also known as the Minden Creamery, is a historic creamery building located at 1617 Water St. in Minden, Nevada. Built in 1916, the creamery was designed by noted Nevada architect Frederic Joseph DeLongchamps. The creamery replaced the Minden Butter Manufacturing Company&#39;s first building, which was built in 1908, so the company would have space to pasteurize its products. The company sold butter and other produce under the Windmill brand name and eventually became the largest creamery in Nevada. While the company mainly shipped its goods to the San Francisco area, it also sold internationally; the year before the creamery was built, it sent a large shipment of butter to China. The creamery building is now used by Bently Nevada for manufacturing purposes.</p><br>
<p>The creamery was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 6, 1986.</p><br>
<p>The Amour Range  is a mountain range in Algeria, part of the Saharan Atlas of the Atlas Mountain System.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Amour Range is located in the central area of the Saharan Atlas, with the Ksour Range in the western end and the Ouled-Naïl Range in the eastern end.</p><br>
<p>The town of Aflou, one of the highest municipalities in Algeria and also one of the coldest, is located in the range at an elevation of 1,426 m. There are about 35,000 people living in the area of the Amour Range. In Taouïala (تاوياله), located 35 km to the southeast of Aflou, there is an ecotouristic village.</p><br>
<h2>Peaks</h2><br>
<p>The mountains of the Amour Range have altitudes averaging between 1,400 and 2000 m. The highest summit of the range is Djebel Ksel, which sits at an elevation of 2,008 m.</p><br>
<p>Other notable peaks are:</p><br>
<p>1,721 m high Guern Arif (جبل قرن عريف)</p><br>
<p>1,707 m high Mount Sidi Okba (جبل سيدي عقبة)</p><br>
<p>1,706 m high Mount Gourou (جبل قورو)</p><br>
<p>1,686 m high Oum El Guedour (أم القدور)</p><br>
<p>1,503 m high Kef Sidi Bouzid (كاف سيدي بوزيد).</p><br>
<p>The Gardnerville Branch Jail is a historic jail located at 1440 Courthouse St. in Gardnerville, Nevada. The jail was built in 1910 and served as Douglas Countys only jail from 1910 to 1915. Prior to 1910, the only county jail was in Genoa, the county seat; however, since Gardnerville was several miles from Genoa, it resorted to housing prisoners in the local judges granary. As the granary was considered unfit for holding prisoners, the community petitioned the county to construct a new jail. However, local leaders in Minden, who wanted to move the county seat to their town, protested the move, as they suspected that Gardnerville was attempting to claim the county seat itself. Nonetheless, the county approved the construction of the new jail. The jail housed its first prisoners before construction even finished, as the Genoa jail burned down; one prisoner was briefly chained to a post until the new jail could accommodate him. Once completed, the jail served the county until 1915, when Minden became the county seat and opened its own county jail.</p><br>
<p>Once it no longer served as the county jail, the Gardnerville jail took on another, racially charged purpose. Gardnerville was a sundown town, and it rang a bell every night to order American Indians out of town. In addition, the unemployed were considered vagrants and were not allowed on the town&#39;s streets after dark. The jail housed violators of both of these policies until it closed in the 1950s.</p><br>
<p>The jail was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 16, 2003.</p><br>
<p>Liberty Hall is a historic meeting hall used by African-American organizations in Oakland, California. The building, located at 1483-1485 8th St., was built in 1877 as a store and residence. The building was designed in the Italianate style and features projecting bays at its northwest and southwest corners, a bracketed cornice, a frieze with dentils and crown moldings, and a hipped roof.</p><br>
<p>Local 188 of the Universal Negro Improvement Association, the African-American fraternal organization founded by Marcus Garvey, purchased the building for its headquarters in 1925. Founded in 1920, Local 188 was the largest chapter of the UNIA in northern California. The chapter renamed the building Liberty Hall, the name used by all of the UNIAs meeting halls. During its time in the building, the UNIA used it for its meetings, activities, and holidays such as Lincolns Birthday and Garvey Day. A fire burnt the buildings roof in 1931, and the UNIAs activism in Oakland declined afterward. The organization sold the building in 1933.</p><br>
<p>After the UNIA left the building, one of Oakland&#39;s chapters of the International Peace Mission movement took over the building. The International Peace Mission was a religious movement led by Father Divine, an African-American preacher from New York. Father Divine, who was considered the Second Coming by his followers, was known for hosting free banquets at his home during the Great Depression. The International Peace Mission continued to operate in the building until the 1950s, though its activities declined after the early 1940s.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 30, 1989.</p><br>
<p>Edgemont, also known as Cocke Farm, is a historic home located near Covesville, Albemarle County, Virginia. It was built about 1796, and is a one- to two-story, three bay, frame structure in the Jeffersonian style. It measures 50 feet by 50 feet, and sits on a stuccoed stone exposed basement. The house is topped by a hipped roof surmounted by four slender chimneys. The entrances feature pedimented Tuscan order portico that consists of Tuscan columns supporting a full entablature. Also on the property is a rubble stone garden outbuilding with a hipped roof. The house was restored in 1948 by Charlottesville architect Milton Grigg . Its design closely resembles Folly near Staunton, Virginia.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Estes Farm is a historic home and farm complex located near Dyke, Albemarle County, Virginia. It includes a c. 1840 log dwelling and a c. 1880 wood framed main house, as well as numerous supporting outbuildings including a large barn , an icehouse/well house , a tenant house , the log dwelling , a small hay/tobacco barn , a garage , and three small sheds. Also on the property is a contributing truss bridge . The house is a two-story, three-bay frame I-house building with a hipped roof. A two-story half-hipped central rear ell was added in 1976. It is representative of a transitional Greek Revival / Italianate style. It features a one-story three-bay porch fronting the central entrance, and exterior-end brick chimneys.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>Esmont is a historic home located near Esmont, Albemarle County, Virginia. The house was built about 1818, and is a two-story, three bay, square structure in the Jeffersonian style. It has a double pile, central passage plan. It is topped by a low hipped roof, surmounted by internal chimneys, further emphasized by the use of a balustrade with alternating solid and Chinese lattice panels. The front facade features a full length tetrastyle porch with Doric order columns and entablature. Also on the property are a contributing brick kitchen</p><br>
<p>with a low hipped roof, office, a dairy and a smokehouse. The house was built for Dr. Charles Cocke, a nephew of James Powell Cocke who built the Edgemont.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<p>Ballard-Maupin House, also known as Plainview Farm, is a historic home located at Free Union, Albemarle County, Virginia. The original part of the house was built in the 1750-1790 period and is the one-story with attic, three-bay, gable-roofed, frame section on the east. Around 1800-1820, the house was extended on the west by an additional two bays and an attic story was added. It measures approximately 34 feet wide and 30 feet deep. In 1994-1995, the house was restored and a late-19th century addition was removed and replaced with a one-story, shed-roofed, frame addition. Also on the property are a mid-19th century, gable-roofed, frame shed; and frame tractor shed that may date to the mid 1940s.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>Casa Maria is a historic estate located near Greenwood, Albemarle County, Virginia. The main house was built 1921-1922 in the Spanish-Mediterranean style with a two-story brick addition that dates from 1928 and was designed by William Lawrence Bottomley. The main house consists of two perpendicular, 2 1/2-story, stucco wings with a low-pitched hipped roof and low roof hidden by a parapet. It features an enclosed garden with stuccoed walls, arched entrances,and brick paving is located in the angle of the two wings. Also on the property are two Spanish style stuccoed servant&#39;s quarters with decorative metal grilles and tile roofs, and several smaller outbuildings. The gardens were designed by noted landscape architect Charles Gillette.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>The Cedars, also known as Cockes Tavern and The Casino, is a historic home located near Greenwood, Albemarle County, Virginia. It was built about 1850-1860, and is a large, two-story, five-bay, hipped-roof brick house in the Greek Revival style. It has a full grade-level basement, paired gable end chimneys, and prominent front and back porches. The front porch is two-stories and has a striking pediment. Also on the property is a contributing kitchen / servants quarter. The house has served as a residence, a boys school, Civil War hospital, tanyard business and gambling casino, as well as  a tavern. It is considered one of the most architecturally distinguished antebellum houses in western Albemarle County.</p><br>
<p>There have been some claims of ghost sightings and haunted activities on the property.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>US Post Office-Manitou Springs Main or Manitou Springs Post Office is a historic building located on Canon Avenue in Manitou Springs, Colorado. It is on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>The United States post office is built upon the site of Jerome B. Wheelers Windemere estate. The colonial style building is made of blocks of locally quarried reddish green sandstone. The post office opened in 1940 or 1941. At the time it was the only United States post office to be made with locally quarried stone. The building is a one and a half storied, rectangular structure. Instead of a basement, storage is available in the half story that runs along the west side of the building. One of the towns springs is located just south of the post office.</p><br>
<h2>Mural</h2><br>
<p>In 1942 a Works Progress Administration (WPA) murual title "Hunters, Red and White" was created by Archie Musick.</p><br>
<p>A plaque by the mural reads:</p><br>
<p>Depression-era public art programs coincided with the heyday of Colorado Springs&#39; art school, the Broadmoor Art Academy: Its students and teachers painted murals in federal buildings nationwide. For Manitou’s post office mural competition, my father, Archie Musick, depicted the legend of Manitou’s springs: "the God Manitou in a fit of rage clubbing a quarrelsome chief." His frieze of Indian-trapper life across the bottom of the submitted sketch was so popular with "the brass in Washington…they told me to dump the main design and blow up the frieze to fill the entire space." Painted when many federal murals were nationalistic – just months after Pearl Harbor – this mural’s ambiguity and unusual dry-pigment / glaze technique are distinctive: "Hunters Red and White" embodies some historical suggestions from his friend, author Frank Waters – Manitou’s first cabin, explorers Pike and Fremont – but mostly Archie’s own inspiration from fantasy, pictographs, artist friends (including Japanese-American artists sheltering here), and the beloved local rocky landscape.</p><br>
<p>Wheeler Bank is a historic building located on Manitou Avenue in Manitou Springs, Colorado built by Jerome B. Wheeler. It is on the National Register of Historic Places. Over the course of its history, the building has been a financial institution, auditorium and retail business.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1888 for Jerome B. Wheeler, a Colorado mining baron and financier, the building was Manitou Springs&#39;s first bank.</p><br>
<p>The building is a combination of Romanesque Revival and Italian Villa architectural styles. The first floor shows two different facades. For the 717 Manitou Avenue address, there are heavy arches, with a half-circle leaded glass window at the top of each arch. The facade for the other half of the building, with the 719 Manitou Avenue address, is a recessed storefront. Between the two is an entry to the stairway to the second and third floors. The second- and third-floor facades are symmetrical across the two halves of the building, with windows set in a 3-1-3 pattern across both floors. The interior of the third floor spans both buildings and was originally an opera house; it has since been converted to an apartment. The red brick exterior, as of 2013, was painted a cream-buff color with red trim.</p><br>
<h2>Jerome B. Wheeler</h2><br>
<p>Jerome B. Wheeler operated a bank in one half of the first floor. The other first floor business was a dry goods store operated by N.O. Johnson & Son. Offices were located on the second floor and an opera hall, called Wheeler Hall or Opera Hall, was on the third floor. The bank closed during the Panic of 1893. It later reopened and was a bank until 1922. The financial institution became the Bank of Manitou in a new building on Manitou Avenue.</p><br>
<p>Wheeler made several donations to the town of Manitou:</p><br>
<p>$50,000 towards Manitou Avenue construction</p><br>
<p>Provided equipment for the volunteer fire company</p><br>
<p>Donated the Wheeler Clock at Manitou and Canon Avenues</p><br>
<p>Provided $10,000 for repairs following a "devastating" flood of 1913</p><br>
<p>Keithley Log Cabin Development District is a historic camp and health resort located on between Santa Fe Place, Crystal Road and Spur Road in Manitou Springs, Colorado. It is on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>Two individuals, McLaughlin and Keithley, created a resort development of log cabins off of Crystal Park Road in Manitou Springs in the early 1900s. The development includes 27 log cottages in a secluded, rustic and wooded setting. The one-story cabins, built between 1920 and 1959, have cobblestone foundations, chimneys and walls. Sixteen of the buildings were built in the 1920s. They are located on Spur, Chelton, Crystal Park and Short roads. The cabins are now full-time or summer residences of private home owners.</p><br>
<p>Six of the cabins were built exclusively by Everhard Keithley. He created a 10 acre wooded enclave of cabins from a "rocky, hilly old goat pasture". His granddaughter, Nancy Galles Bower, presides over the Keithley Log Cabin National Historic District and owns six cabins.</p><br>
<h2>Everard Keithley</h2><br>
<p>Everard S. Keithley worked for the Pike National Forest and from 1913 to 1946 oversaw the planting of 30 million trees. From 1926 to 1946 he was forest superintendent and was responsible for developing tree nurseries, building Rampart Range Road, fighting to open Gold Camp Road to the public and reforesting areas that had been stripped due to wildfires, logging or mining.</p><br>
<p>Crystal Valley Cemetery is a cemetery located on Plainview Place in Manitou Springs, Colorado. Since its establishment in 1882, it has been the principal cemetery in Manitou Springs. It is listed in the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>The land for the cemetery was provided by Dr. Isaac Davis in 1882 In 1890, the cemetery was established and graves from the original town cemetery on Pawnee Avenue were moved to the new cemetery. Since its establishment, it has served as Manitou Springs&#39;s principal cemetery. It is maintained by the Manitou Springs Parks Department.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery lies within a valley, with several ridges, and its elevation increases to 6,600 ft. It is arranged "in curvilinear fashion", following the local topography, and combines natural vegetation and landscaping, including gardens of irises, lilies, and roses. Its streets are lined with pairs of conifers and silver maples.</p><br>
<p>Enclosure and retaining walls are made from locally quarried green sandstone. The same material is used for several of the cemetery&#39;s buildings, including the chapel and maintenance building.</p><br>
<p>Architectural styles include Picturesque, Rustic, and Egyptian Revival. The Richards Mausoleum, made of green sandstone, is described as "probably the example of Egyptian Revival architecture to be found in the state".</p><br>
<p>An unusual monument in the cemetery is that of Freddie Schnieder, who died in 1887 before he reached the age of 3. He "was laid to rest... beneath a Kinney cast iron grave fence designed to look like a childs bed. The round marble pillow inscribed with Freddies identification, and the cast iron tassels hanging from draped chains to suggest bed hangings provide additional visual interest."</p><br>
<h2>Historical significance</h2><br>
<p>According to the Colorado Preservation Office, the cemetery is "significant for architecture, landscape architecture, and for the important local persons interred there."</p><br>
<h2>Tours</h2><br>
<p>Tours of the cemetery are conducted in the summers by reservation through Miramont Castle: "The guests will be given an introduction to Victorian mourning, their beliefs and superstitions by the Lady in Black."</p><br>
<h2>Notable people</h2><br>
<p>Race car driver Louis Unser (1896-1979) is buried at the cemetery. He won the Pikes Peak Hillclimb 9 times between 1934 and 1953. Charles Adams (1840-1985), was a Civil War general, Colorado Indian agent, and secretary to Territorial Governor Edward M. McCook.</p><br>
<p>Mabel Jane Willie, the first female mayor of Manitou Springs, is buried at the cemetery. Emma Crawford is interred at the cemetery. Every October coffin races are held in Manitou Springs in her name based upon the legend that her coffin slid down Red Mountain after a heavy rain. Another local legendary woman is Theresa M. Kenny (1859 Austria - 1943); She built and stuccoed her own mausoleum in the 1930s and enjoyed rocking a chair alongside her completed project.</p><br>
<p>The Ksour Range or Kçour Range  is a mountain range in Algeria. Stretching across the provinces of Béchar and El Bayadh, it is the westernmost range of the Saharan Atlas, with the Amour Range further east.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The range extends between Figuig Province in the Oriental Region of Morocco near the Moroccan/Algerian border and El Bayadh municipality in Algeria. The range pattern continues westwards as the High Atlas.</p><br>
<p>The highest summit of the range is 2,236 m high Mount Issa or Djebel Aïssa (جبل عيسى).</p><br>
<h2>Rock art</h2><br>
<p>Neolithic art, in the form of engraved stones representing horses, elephants and other animals, is found in different caves and walls throughout the range (such as at Thyout).</p><br>
<h2>Protected areas</h2><br>
<p>The Djebel Aissa National Park is a protected area within the limits of the mountain range since 2003.</p><br>
<h2>Features</h2><br>
<p>The Nugaal Valley , also called the Nogal Valley, is a long and broad valley located in northern Somalia.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>The Nugaal Valley is a key pastoral area which spans across four regions, Nugaal, Sool, Sanaag and Togdheer.</p><br>
<p>Pastoral nomadism is the primary way of life for most of the people living in the valley. Goat and camel raising form the basis of the economy, and frankincense and myrrh are collected from wild trees. The beds of the watercourses have a few permanent wells, to which the predominantly nomadic population returns during the dry season. Low and erratic rainfall (about 5 inches 125 mm annually) and the high salinity of the soil limit crop cultivation.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Extending 250 km along the Wadi Nugaal, the Nugaal Valley is bounded by gradually ascending high plateaus that generally reach elevations of 1,650 to 3,300 feet (500 to 1,000 m) above sea level on the north, west, and south. The western part of the same plateau is crossed by numerous valleys and dry watercourses. The same plateau sloping southwards merges with Hawd, a plain known for its grasslands. To the east is a narrow strip of low-lying maritime plains.</p><br>
<p>The valley&#39;s principal watercourses, the Nugaal and the more westerly Dheere, fill briefly during and after rainstorms (April to June) and drain into the Indian Ocean. The upper part of the Nugaal is filled by the seasonal river known as Tog Dheer.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>The main vegetation in Nugaal valley consists of open grasslands, shrubs (commiphora spp), Acacia trees and dominant grasses (indigofera spp). The valley is home to succulent flora and is particularly rich in local endemics. Gypsum hills located around Las Anod supports flora such as Aloe inermis, Dorstenia, Adenia, Raphanocarpus, Euphorbia, Pterodiscus, and Caralluma.</p><br>
<p>A Las Anod National Park has been proposed to protect the fine scenery, rich and varied flora, and the Somali Wild Ass. The limestone plateau north of Eyl has also been proposed as a national park due to its rich endemic flora.</p><br>
<h2>Oil exploration</h2><br>
<p>Due to its proximity to the oil-rich Gulf Arab states such as Saudi Arabia and Yemen, the nation has also long been believed to contain substantial unexploited reserves of crude oil. Nugaal Valley Block has been identified as having reservoir, source rock and trap potential. International oil and gas companies conducted exploration in the late 1980s in the region. During this exploration phase, a grid of 2D seismic was shot perpendicular to the axis of the rift system in the Nugaal Basin. Based on interpreted maps this data shows a number of large, closed, fault-controlled structures.</p><br>
<p>Between them both, the Nugaal and Dharoor valley have only had 5 wells drilled, making the area one of the least explored areas in North Africa.</p><br>
<p>Seven Oaks Farm is a historic home and farm complex located near Greenwood, Albemarle County, Virginia. The main house was built about 1847–1848, and is a two-story, five-bay, hipped-roof frame building with a three-bay north wing. The interior features Greek Revival style design details. It has a two-story, pedimented front portico in the Colonial Revival style addition. Sam Blacks Tavern is a one-story, two-room, gable-roofed log house with a center chimney and shed-roofed porch. Blacks Tavern has since been moved to the Mirador property. Other buildings on the farm include an ice house, smokehouse, dairy, greenhouse, barns, a carriage house, a garage and several residences for farm employees.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>Monticola is a historic home and farm located along the James River near Howardsville, Albemarle County, Virginia. The house was built in 1853, and is a three-story, three-bay, brick Greek Revival style dwelling. The front facade features a central, two-story, pedimented portico. The rear facade has a semi-circular, two-level, porch with Colonial Revival details. It was added about 1890. The four corners of the house are adorned by giant stuccoed pilasters. The original two-story, brick kitchen building is attached to the house by an enclosed breezeway. Also on the property are a smokehouse, storage shed, corn crib, and the foundation of a late-19th century spring house.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>West Cote is a historic home located near Howardsville, Albemarle County, Virginia. The house was built about 1830, and is a two-story, five-bay, brick dwelling. The front facade features a two-story, Tuscan order portico with paired full-height columns and no pediment. Also on the property are a contributing office / guest house, smokehouse, well, corn crib, and stable.</p><br>
<p>Set dramatically on a sweeping hillside overlooking the confluence of the James and Rockfish rivers, West Cote, in Albemarle County, Virginia features a two-story, brick, classical revival plantation dwelling built ca. 1830. A well-preserved example of a high-style house of the Early Republican era, it is associated in its design and execution with a group of houses in central Virginia that were constructed by builders who were either involved in or influenced by the construction of the University of Virginia to Thomas Jefferson&#39;s designs. Surviving outbuildings include a guesthouse, smokehouse, corncrib and a stable. The unusually wide and deep ante-bellum well is also noteworthy.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>What is now West Cote was once a part of large tracts of land assembled in the 1730s and 1740s by Allen Howard. Howard was one of a group of large landholders who were the contemporaries of Peter Jefferson, father of Thomas Jefferson. These men led and promoted the settlement of what eventually became Albemarle and its adjacent counties. Howard and his descendants lived near the confluence of the James and Rockfish rivers. The present house at West Cote was built about 1830 by one of those descendants, William Howard Carter (probably a grandson or great-grandson of Allen Howard).</p><br>
<p>Carter inherited the property in 1826. In 1837 he petitioned to erect a ferry across the James River near West Cote. The architectural and construction details indicate that he built West Cote between these dates. It was an era of house building and a number of large brick mansions rose both on the hills and in the valleys of Albemarle. This came at a time when the building of the University of Virginia was just being completed. This large state project brought to the area a group of skilled workmen, some of whom trained others. Many of both groups remained in the general area and became builders of houses, churches, and courthouses and made changes to older buildings. It is likely that someone who worked on the University buildings or was trained by University workmen built West Cote. Its fine brickwork, impressive portico (Jeffersonian in detail, but not in massing), and geometric front-door transom all are reminiscent of the retired president&#39;s idiosyncratic style.</p><br>
<p>By 1840 William Howard Carter was in financial straits. In that year he sold West Cote to Jonathan Crank, a neighbor. Two years later Crank sold the property to William D. Boaz who owned it for 12 years. Boaz sold West Cote in 1856 beginning a succession of six sales until 1893 when Andrew Blair, a "prizefighter" from Richmond, bought it. The Blair family used West Cote mainly as a retreat and called it "Summer Hill". They owned it until 1948, the longest family ownership in the history of the property. The next owners were the Covingtons. Susan Byrd, purchased the house in 1997 and sold it in 2008 to the present owners.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<h3>House</h3><br>
<p>WestCotes massive brick dwelling rises two stories above a raised basement. The front is of oiled brick in Flemish bond with penciled joints. The north wall is of stock brick in Flemish bond while the other two walls are of five-course American bond. The main facade is five bays wide and features a two-story Tuscan portico with paired full-height columns and no pediment. The portico gives access to the front door, a double door under a large rectangular transom. The transom features tracery in the form of a fan with radiating ribs connected by two rows of swags and a three-petal flower in each of the upper corner quadrants. Over the transom is a lintel with corner blocks that extend beyond the door frame. This combination of elements is typical of buildings that bridge the Roman Revival and Greek Revival styles. The four basement windows have single sashes of nine panes each. The first-floor windows have nine-over-nine sash and the second-floor windows have six-over-six. The house has a low hipped roof covered with standing-seam sheet metal. The portico is crowned by a modern metal railing. The end elevations are unadorned except for the massive cornice and frieze that surrounds the house at the eaves. The cornice is decorated with a beaded molding inspired by an illustration in Asher Benjamins American Builders Companion, 1805. The rear elevation has the same center door and fenestration as the front. There is a small two-story twentieth-century frame addition in the center of the rear wall.</p><br>
<p>Westcote is an I-house with a center passage plan on each floor. The basement is fully finished and houses a dining room and kitchen. The former has simple trim and the latter has modem but complementary finishes.</p><br>
<p>The upper floors exhibit unusual woodwork combining elements from several different styles. The first-floor doors have eight panels rather than the usual six. These are set in two vertical ranges with three equal horizontal panes over a single tall vertical panel at the base. The door cases are composed of symmetrically molded architraves with roundel comer block. The panels of the reveals correspond to those of the doors. The central passage has single-leaf doors of this design to each of its flanking rooms. The front and rear doors look identical, but are in fact double doors. There is a plastered dado between the simple chair rail and baseboard.</p><br>
<p>The stair rises in one long flight to a transverse landing and returns in a short flight to the upper floor. The rail, however, curves into the transverse section, rather than continuing perpendicular to the runs of the stair. The delicate foliated stair brackets are thereby forced to constrict and form a frieze-like pattern on the curved section. The brackets are similar to ones illustrated in Owen Biddle "The Young Carpenter&#39;s Assistant" (1810). The molded handrail is supported by plain balusters that are square in section. The newel post is delicately fashioned and includes a block surmounted by a round urn-shaped section from which a round tapering column rises to a simple band below a cylinder cap. It is a handsome example of joinery and is related to ones at several other local houses including Mount Fair.</p><br>
<p>The room to the left&#39; of the front door is the parlor. The wooden wainscot is not paneled. The window cases rest on the chair rail and are treated in the same way as the door cases including blocks at the point where the frames meet the chair rail. The reveals are paneled with narrow vertical panels. The most interesting feature of the room is the robust mantel, a local variation of the three-part Adam type. Here coupled fluted colonnettes flank the fireplace opening. In the frieze above, a center panel with an ovoid sunburst is flanked by round sunbursts in square panels. These, in turn, are flanked by pairs of applied turned spools in end blocks which are placed over the colonnettes. There is a thin molded shelf above a band of dentils. Like the stair details, this mantel is related to ones in other nearby houses. It is likely that some of these are the work of a yet unidentified area craftsman. Across the hall is the library similar in detail to the parlor. The mantel is simpler and is flanked by massive eight-panel doors that serve cupboards.</p><br>
<p>On the second floor, as would be expected, the finishes are simpler than those on the first floor. The east room mantel has fluted pilasters and a tall paneled frieze. The center panel features a motif with a diamond-shaped center with quadrant-cut corners. The mantel in the west room is similar, but more conventional, with three identical plain rectangular frieze panels.</p><br>
<h3>Office</h3><br>
<p>Standing in the southwest corner of the front yard is a one-story, two-bay frame structure that may be somewhat earlier than the main dwelling. It is about a 16 feet square, has a gable roof and contains one room and a finished loft. The interior was heavily altered in the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The off-center five-course American-bond end chimney is probably a late 19h-century replacement. The building is typical of ones that were common in plantation complexes throughout the state.</p><br>
<p>The Smokehouse stands on the east side of the main house. It is a one-bay, gable- roofed frame building of weatherboards with a slate roof. It is built entirely of circular-sawn members and probably dates from the late 19th century.</p><br>
<p>Between the smokehouse and the dwelling is a massive circular brick-lined well. &#39;The well is about eight feet in diameter. The water surface is about 75 feet from the top and the total depth is just under 100 feet. It is one of the largest known hand-dug wells in Virginia. It is assumed to have been dug by slaves soon after the house was constructed.</p><br>
<p>Standing about 75 yards northwest of the main house, the corncrib was built with ground-to-plate post construction, a form of construction that was common in early Virginia, but certainly not at the end of the 19th century when it is assumed this structure was built. To further complicate the analysis of the crib, timbers from a much earlier building were reused in its construction. There are members marked with Roman numerals that obviously have no relationship to each other either numerically or structurally. It is a rectangular structure 9 by 15 feet, with the gable end to the front. The roof is covered with standing-seam metal. The walls are sheathed with vertical wood slats one to two inches wide secured with cut nails. These were used to facilitate ventilation to keep the corn from mildewing. In the 20th century fine wire mesh was nailed around the exterior to keep out animals. The unusual construction of the front gable in what resembles the Stick Style, with projecting plate and return cornice, suggests that it may have been built around 1900 when the property was owned by the Blair family. Except for this detailing, the building is unornamented. The front door is of plain batten construction and swings on large iron strap hinges. A wrought-iron hasp secures the door to the jamb. Wire nails used on the door and other areas indicate that the building underwent repairs in the 20th century.</p><br>
<h3>Stable</h3><br>
<p>The building appears to be an early 20th-century building with an asymmetrical gable roof. It is covered with vertical board sheathing and a slate roof. Local workers familiar with West Cote recalled several years ago that the present barn and another one lost about 50 years ago were moved from the flats on the Rockfish River below the house.</p><br>
<p>The Hilberry Theatre is located at 4743 Cass Avenue in Midtown Detroit, Michigan where it is employed by 40-50 graduate students at the Wayne State University main campus, who are pursuing degrees in acting, directing, or design management. Created in 1963, the Hilberry Theatre is the oldest graduate repertory company in the United States. The Hilberry Theatre puts on roughly six different plays, both modern and classic, from October until May each year.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In February 1917, the First Church of Christ Scientist was built on the corner of Cass Avenue and Hancock Street, in the heat of Midtown Detroit. The Christian Scientists of Detroit was a growing community and in need of a location to hold their services. The building was able to hold up to 1,512 members and included a 60-foot stage and 22 rooms. Later on in 1961, it was bought and remodeled by Wayne State University. Wayne State purchased the Hilberry Theatre for $250,000 which included a $25,000 down payment and was officially owned by the University on June 15, 1961.</p><br>
<p>After many renovations, the church was renamed the Hilberry Theatre, after Wayne States fourth president, and reopened in January 1964. There is now a bronze bust (sculpture) of Clarence Hilberry in the main lobby of the theatre in honor of all his great accomplishments. The first play that was performed at the Hilberry Theatre was called Shakespeare 400, in honor of William Shakespeare&#39;s 400th anniversary of birth. Today, the Hilberry Theatre is one of three different historical buildings that are now used for classes by Wayne State students. The Hilberry is also considered to be one of the best training grounds for new and upcoming actors/actresses and directors in the area.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Hilberry Theatre was originally constructed in 1916-17 by the architectural firm Field, Hinchman & Smith as the First Church of Christ Scientist.</p><br>
<p>Designed in a Neoclassical architecture and Ionic style, the Hilberry is a low rise building with an estimated height of 41.55 feet and consists of two floors as well as a basement. The Hilberry has an Ionic style colonnade on the exterior of the building facing Hancock Street and its masonry is made to resemble that of marble. The exterior door frames are surrounded in classical moldings and the facade facing Cass Avenue is designed in similar manner and serves as the main entrance to the theater.</p><br>
<p>On June 16, 1961, Wayne State University bought the church and remodeled its 60-foot stage and 1,512 seated auditorium into a 532 seated theater. The open stage theatre was designed using Roman and Elizabethan approach. A traditional stage with backdrop and doors, a center performance stage, and elevated area surrounding the seating area. The theatre opened in 1964 to house a graduate repertory company.</p><br>
<h2>Hilberry Theatre Uses</h2><br>
<h3>General Public</h3><br>
<p>Viewing of graduate students performances on classical pieces. ($10–32)</p><br>
<p>Opportunities to do volunteer work as an usher.</p><br>
<p>Group hostings’ (church group, student organization, tour groups, etc.) for events and discounts on ticket prices, a private room, and a preview performance for group leaders.</p><br>
<p>Can purchase play packages that offer benefits such as choice seating, savings on tickets, ticket upgrades, and dining discounts.</p><br>
<h3>Theatre Students</h3><br>
<p>Graduate theatre students pursuing a degree in acting, management, and design become part of a three-year program in which they get training from a professional staff that in turn give them the tools to receive their graduate degrees. Each year the graduate students are involved in more than one hundred performances in front of a wide range of audience members. Graduate students of the Hilberry company receive such as tuition waivers, medical insurance and a stipend.</p><br>
<h2>Graduate Programs</h2><br>
<p>The Hilberry Theatre graduate training program is a three-year program offering specializations in the following areas: Acting, Scenic Design, Costume Design, Lighting Design, Stage Management and Theatre Management.</p><br>
<h3>Acting</h3><br>
<p>The Hilberry acting program stresses the performance aspect of the acting process, holding that performing in front of a live audience is the supreme way of learning the art of acting. Its foundations are laid on a series of European and American classics, combined with some contemporary plays.</p><br>
<h3>Costume Design</h3><br>
<p>The Hilbery Costume Design program presents the opportunity to practice costume design in a manner which stresses the practical nature of theatrical design. Through accelerated hands on classroom, studio and design production experience, costume design majors are able to grasp the knowledge needed to design for multiple productions held at the Hilberry Theatre, as well as the Bonstelle Theatre.</p><br>
<h3>Lighting Design</h3><br>
<p>The Hilberry lighting design program is aimed towards theatre production and individualistic projects. This gives students a greater freedom to choose more individualized coursework which pushes them to develop into distinctive artists.</p><br>
<h3>Scenic Design</h3><br>
<p>The Hilberry Scenic Design program is centered on practical training and design experience to help students develop production related skills. Through collaboration, conceptualization, originality and self-discovery, students are able to work in wide ranges of styles, allowing them to enter in a broad world of professional entertainment. This program is a pre-professional terminal degree.</p><br>
<h3>Stage Management</h3><br>
<p>The Hilberry Stage Management program requires dedication and passion for the process of theatre production. It also demands creative mindsets that are able to conduct successful productions. This program focuses on preparing students for advanced positions in education and theatre. Students will commit to at least six professional productions at the Hilberry and will mentor undergraduate students at the Bonstelle Theatre.</p><br>
<h3>Theatre Management</h3><br>
<p>The Hilberry Theatre Management program is primarily focused on promoting arts leadership, similar to what is studied in the arts administration programs. Students learn leadership training skills, through hands on experience, to eventually acquire the ability to run a professional theatre.</p><br>
<p>Kitanaura or Kithanaura was an ancient city in Lycia. Its ruins are located near Saraycık, a small village in the Kumluca district of Antalya Province, Turkey.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The history of the city is largely unknown because it was not mentioned by any ancient author. Only the ruins of the city give some information. The earliest phase of the city&#39;s walls dates to the Hellenistic period, with the last phase dating to the Byzantine period. Because of the five churches which have been identified the city likely became more important with the spread of Christianity in Late Antiquity.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeological investigations</h2><br>
<p>T. A. B. Spratt visited the site for two days in 1842 to copy inscriptions and draw a plan. He could not find any remains which indicated the name of the city, but he suspected that it was Marmara or Apollonia.</p><br>
<p>Diodorus Siculus writes that Alexander the Great conquered a "great rock fortress" inhabited by the Marmares when he passed the frontier of Lycia. Spratt refers to the fortress with the name Marmora, others use Marmara. Apollonia was a Thracian colony in Lycia, which might explain why Thracians guided the second division of Alexander the Great&#39;s army through this remote part of Lycia. Marmara has not been found, but Apollonia was eventually discovered far away in western Lycia.</p><br>
<p>Later in 1842 the site was visited by A. J. Schönborn, who also proposed an identification as Marmara based on the description of Diodorus. A 1998 study of coins in the Antalya Museum led to the identification of the name of Kitanaura. The name of the city also appeared on a Roman milestone, the Miliarium Lyciae which was excavated at Patara in 1993. The inscriptions on the milestone give place names and distances during the 1st century AD. They mention Kitanaura lay at a distance of 17-18 kilometers to Idebessos. This made it possible to pinpoint the location of the city.</p><br>
<p>Kitanaura was surveyed in detail by a team from Akdeniz University led by Nevzat Çevik in 2004–2005 and 2006–2007.</p><br>
<h2>Layout</h2><br>
<p>The acropolis of Kitanaura was located on a hill extending in an east-west direction and surrounded by remains of structures to its south and west. The western and northern sides of the acropolis are covered by sheer rock cliffs, a less steeper rock slope is on southern side. Walls for the protection of the acropolis extended from the southwestern side to the eastern and northern side of the acropolis. They were 1.30 meters thick and have been preserved to a height of 5 to 6 meters at a few places.</p><br>
<p>Remains of a basilica are found in the southwestern corner of the acropolis. Another large basilica stood in the center. A bath-gymnasium complex is the only building at the settlement which was reasonably well-preserved. It is located at the foot of the southwestern entrance to the acropolis and consisted of a palaestra and six other sections. A road which runs from the south of the acropolis and then turns north, passing the acropolis to west, is flanked by necropoleis on both sides. A heroon is found south of the acropolis.</p><br>
<p>The quality of the construction and the size of the baths is striking for a medium-sized city in a relatively remote place in Lycia. With a size of 700 square meters the building is over twice the size of the central baths of Patara (315 m) and the southern baths of Xanthos (295 m), two of the largest cities in Lycia. The sizes of baths were influenced by both the population of a city and the number of occasional visitors from outside the city. The location of the baths at a crossroads of routes used by travelers suggests the baths served many temporary visitors.</p><br>
<p>Apollonia was an ancient city in Lycia. Its ruins are located near Kiliçli, a small village in the Kaş district of Antalya Province, Turkey.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The city isn&#39;t mentioned by any ancient author. The pillar tombs in the necropolis to the north of the city attest to a Lycian origin of the settlement and date to about 500 BC. The ruins of a Byzantine church possibly date to the 6th or 7th century AD, so the city was still occupied at that time.</p><br>
<p>In Roman times the city was part of a local federation, a sympoliteia, with Simena, Isinda and Aperlae. Aperlae was the leader of the sympolity, which was represented in the Lycian League with one vote.</p><br>
<h2>Layout</h2><br>
<p>The city is located on a hill and has a walled acropolis at its highest elevation. In the east the acropolis seems to be double because a much older stockade is located inside the Byzantine walls. Two churches, a theater, baths with cisterns and a heroon are found on the western and northwestern side of the acropolis. Houses were built on the southwestern side. Six pillar tombs and one larger monument are found around the acropolis.</p><br>
<p>Crossroads Tavern, also known as Crossroads Inn, is a historic inn and tavern located at North Garden, Albemarle County, Virginia. It was built about 1820. In the mid nineteenth century, Clifton G. Sutherland, son of Joseph Sutherland, owned and ran the tavern which was located on the Staunton and James River Turnpike. It served as a tavern and overnight lodging for farmers and travelers using the turnpike. In 1889, Daniel B. Landes bought the land at the public auction of the estate of Clifton Sutherland. The property continued to be conveyed to various owners over the years. The Crossroads Tavern is an early nineteenth century two- to three-story, three bay, double pile brick structure. The building sits on top of a brick and stone foundation, is roofed with tin and has pairs of interior brick chimneys on either gable end. The brick is laid in five course American bond with Flemish variant. Windows on the basement level at the rear of the house  are barred; other basement windows are nine-over-six sash. Put-holes are found at the west end of the building, formerly providing sockets for scaffold boards should repairs be necessary. The front facade is dominated by a porch on the second story extending the entire width of the south and east facades. It is supported by five rounded brick columns and the tin roof above is supported by simple square wooden pillars connected by horizontal rails. Doors of the front of the basement level open respectively into kitchen and dining room and into a spirits cellar with its original barrel racks as well as a laundry fireplace. Floors on this level were originally dirt but dining room and kitchen floors have been cemented. The main entrance door on the second level, with its multi-panes lights, opens onto a central stair hall with two main rooms on either side. This stair hall has an ascending stair at its front and both ascending and descending stairs toward its center. Formerly the ascending stairs led to upstairs areas which did not connect. There is no ridge pole in the three attic rooms. The interiors of windows and doors on the main entrance side have extremely long wooden lintels. With few exceptions, the interior woodwork is original, including floors, chair rails, mantels and built in cupboards. Also on the property is a two story contributing summer kitchen, brick up to the second story and frame above, and with an exterior brick chimney at the rear gable with fireplaces on both floors. It is operated as a bed and breakfast.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Crossroads Tavern Inn is also part of the Southern Albemarle Rural Historic District.</p><br>
<p>D. S. Tavern, also known as the 1740 House, is a historic tavern located at Ivy, Albemarle County, Virginia. The building dates to the late-18th to early-19th century. It is a two-story, single pile, log and frame I-house, covered in beaded weatherboards. It sits on a brick and rubblestone foundation and has a gable roof pierced by two brick chimneys. It has an early-19th century, one-story kitchen connected by a hyphen. From 1785 to about 1850, the tavern served the westward movement of settlers along the turnpike running from Richmond to the Valley. The tavern was owned by Chief Justice John Marshall who maintained the property from 1810-1813. In the mid- to late 19th century, it was converted to a private residence.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Monaghan Mill is a former textile mill  in Greenville, South Carolina, that in the early 21st century was converted into loft apartments. The building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Founding</h2><br>
<p>Monaghan Mill was founded by Lewis Wardlaw Parker (1865-1916) and his cousin, Thomas Fleming Parker (1860-1926). Lewis Parker was born in Abbeville, South Carolina, and graduated from the College of South Carolina in 1885, and from its law school two years later. After teaching in Columbia, he practiced law in Greenville and there became president of the Bank of Greer. Thomas Fleming Parker was born in Charleston and attended the College of Charleston before moving to Greenville, where his father held shares in a group of cotton mills.</p><br>
<p>Because the Bank of Greer was the receiver for the Victor Manufacturing Company, in 1897, Lewis Parker reorganized it as well as the Whaley Mills of Columbia. In February 1900, Parker and his cousin Thomas organized Monaghan Mill and named it for County Monaghan, the birthplace of their grandfather Thomas Fleming. The Rhode Island firm of Lockwood, Greene & Co. built the mill, which opened in 1902 on 325 acres on the west side of Greenville near the Reedy River. The mill was capitalized at $450,000 and had 35,000 spindles.</p><br>
<p>Monaghan was successful from the beginning, producing “print cloths, fancy dress goods and shirtings,” and “shade cloth.” By 1907, Monaghan had increased its spindles to 60,000 and the capital in stock alone had increased to $700,000. The surge in textile manufacturing drew workers from other states and Europe to Greenville. For instance, Monaghan employed fifty Belgian immigrants, who lived at one of the mill’s boarding houses.</p><br>
<p>In 1911, the Parker cousins merged the Victor and Whaley Mills, which they already owned, with the Olympia, Richland, Granby, and Capital City Mills of Columbia, and the Appalache Mills of Greer, to form the Parker Cotton Mills Company, which was capitalized at $15 million and operated over a million spindles, more than any other contemporary USA textile firm. The company collapsed in 1914 because of a lack of capital during a cotton panic that occurred at the outbreak of World War I. Lewis resigned the presidency of the company and practiced law until his death from cancer in 1916. Thomas eventually retired. The first successful cotton mill merger did not occur for another twenty years. In 1917, the former Parker mills were reorganized into the Victor-Monaghan Group, and were sold in 1946 to J. P. Stevens and Company.</p><br>
<h2>Mill village</h2><br>
<p>As president of Monaghan, Thomas Parker strove to make the mill a model of paternalistic management. Parker provided a community medical clinic and hired one of the best doctors in the area, as well as a nurse, to staff it. Parker also provided an elementary school, a playground, and a YMCA. The YMCA building alone cost $18,000 (easily ten times that much a century later) and was the first located in a southern mill town. As a director of the YMCA, Parker hired an unusually gifted young man, Lawrence Peter "Pete" Hollis, who eventually became a nationally-recognized educator.</p><br>
<p>As early as 1904 Monaghan had its own baseball team; and in 1907, Monaghan joined the newly formed Greenville Cotton Mill Base Ball League. The Monaghan team provided both recreation and entertainment for workers, and the sense of pride that accompanied identification with a successful sports team increased worker loyalty.</p><br>
<p>As was typical in the southern textile industry, the Monaghan Mill and its mill village were largely self-sufficient. The mill had its own well, generated its own electricity, and had its own waste disposal collection. The company store sold most goods workers required. There was even a mill church, shared by Baptists and Methodists until those denominations built their own buildings. During the 1920s and &#39;30s, mill president Thomas Marchant continued the paternalistic management of his predecessors, loaning money to mill workers for causes he deemed worthy and sponsoring social activities such as picnics and festivities on holidays like the Fourth of July.</p><br>
<p>Monaghan built two kindergartens and an elementary school. Because Greenville High School was overcrowded, charged tuition, and provided no transportation, mill executives lobbied for the creation of a new school district and offered to pay for the school themselves. Despite opposition and a suit that took the issue to the South Carolina Supreme Court, the Parker School District was created by the South Carolina legislature, and Parker High School opened in 1923. Pete Hollis organized the new district and became superintendent.</p><br>
<h2>Depression, boom, and decline</h2><br>
<p>During the Depression demand for textiles fell, and mills lowered wages and laid off workers. During the early 1930s, workers were able to work only three days every two weeks. The Roosevelt Administration hoped to institute a forty-hour week, but Marchant lobbied against the idea, traveling to Washington on multiple occasions to argue that Monaghan would “go plum broke on forty hours a week.” Instead, management instituted what textiles workers called the "stretch-out," attempts to increase productivity by having employees work longer and more intensively for no additional pay. Nevertheless, Monaghan Mill continued to operate normally during the national textile workers strike of 1934 after union organizers found the mill gates locked and a troop of National Guardsmen stationed at the gate.</p><br>
<p>World War II brought increased demand, and Monaghan Mill produced cloth for uniforms. Nevertheless, following the war, its new owner, J. P. Stevens and Co. sold mill village houses as too expensive to maintain. Monaghan School burned down in 1954 and the YMCA was torn down in the late 1960s. Other facilities were closed, remodeled, or eliminated, such as the swimming pool and the baseball diamond.</p><br>
<p>Federal government intervention, combined with a growing shortage of white labor, helped desegregate the mills during the 1960s. Nevertheless, African-Americans faced resentment and often had difficulty gaining promotions. Many turned to lawsuits and political activism, including multiple actions against J. P. Stevens, challenging its hiring and promotion policies.</p><br>
<p>An increasingly global market that included cheaper foreign labor made American textile mills increasingly unprofitable. The former Monaghan mill village became more run down as workers left the area; some houses were left vacant and unkempt. In 1983, the Greenville County Redevelopment Authority began renovations, eventually repairing 134 homes, repaving numerous roads, and redeveloping the old Monaghan School site as the Parker Daycare Center.</p><br>
<h2>Conversion to loft apartments</h2><br>
<p>In 1988, Monaghan was sold to JPS Converter and Industrial Group, which operated the mill until its closing in 2001. In 2003, Capitol Development Corporation attempted to have the mill re-zoned for use as an apartment complex, but the Greenville County Council denied the request because of insufficient planning and concern about the flammability of the building. Another development company, Monaghan Mills LLC, purchased the property a year later with similar plans. This time rezoning was approved, and in 2004, the South Carolina legislature passed the Textile Communities Revitalization Act, which added an additional 25% tax credit to the 30-39% credit for buildings listed on the National Register. The $15 million Monaghan development received $10.2 million in tax credits.</p><br>
<p>The building reopened in October 2006 as The Lofts of Greenville, featuring 190 new, one-to-three bedroom apartment units reflecting the original industrial design of the mill through the “open floor plans, soaring... ceilings, exposed brick walls and pine beams, stained concrete and wood floors, arched windows, and exposed duct work.” The facilities also included a fitness center, theater, pool, community garden, stocked ponds, fenced dog park, fire pits and charcoal grills, as well as hiking trails connected to the Swamp Rabbit Trail.</p><br>
<p>In October 2005, Monaghan Mill was added to the National Register of Historic Places as an industrial site with an architectural style described as Early Twentieth Century Revival. The property included the former mill, seventeen acres, and the original smokestack, water tower, and pond.</p><br>
<p>Photographs of the mill, village, and community can be accessed in the Greenville County Library System digital collections.</p><br>
<p>Redstone Castle or Crawford House is a historic building in Manitou Springs, located within the Manitou Springs Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>It is located on 75 acres off of Pawnee Avenue and Iron Mountain Road. The large Queen Anne house is made of red sandstone. It was once a bed and breakfast, but is now privately owned.</p><br>
<h2>Dr. Isaac Davis</h2><br>
<p>Dr. Isaac Davis, an English physician, moved to Manitou Springs in 1874 and was one of the citys founders. He and his family homesteaded the land that Redstone Castle sits on. The father of 15 owned several businesses in town including a shoe store on Canon Avenue and a pharmacy. His health declined significantly after the Stringler trial of the death of a woman from a morphine overdose. The womans husband accused the doctor, and he was exonerated. His health continued to decline and as a result he sold his homestead in 1880 or 1881 to two brothers named Davis, but unrelated to the doctor. The purchase agreement included the words: "Buyer Beware" and carried a stipulation that the graves of "early trappers, pioneers, soldiers and vagabonds" were to be moved to the new Crystal Valley Cemetery.</p><br>
<h2>Davis brothers</h2><br>
<p>The Davis brothers built Redstone Castle in 1890 as a model home for an elite development called Manitou Terrace Estates on Iron Mountain. They published ads to attract the wealthy and established colorful billboards in the east of Garden of the Gods, Pikes Peak and Rainbow Falls. None of the lots sold, however, reputedly because buyers learned that the land was haunted. Some believed this was because some, but not all, of the graves had been moved from the hillside to the Crystal Valley Cemetery.</p><br>
<h2>Hawkins family</h2><br>
<p>The castle was vacant for years. Balem Hawkins was hired as caretaker of the estate and moved in with his family. The family began hearing voices and seeing apparitions. Their dog "became nervous and high-strung". Hawkins shot a crazed dog that had attacked his wife. According to legend, the dog reappeared and the family heard a dog howling and scratching at the doors in the night. They moved out the next morning.</p><br>
<h2>Local legend</h2><br>
<p>It is believed by some local residents that Redstone Castle is haunted by Alice Crawford Snow who was an actress, medium and spiritualist. In 1905 Crawford women, including Madame Crawford and Alice Crawford Snow, began leasing Redstone Castle for the summers and conducting seances. Madame Crawford was claimed to have made contact with her daughter Emma Crawford, of the local annual coffin races; Emma&#39;s coffin reputedly slid down Red Mountain after a rain. "In honor of their benevolent specter, Manitou Springs holds annual Coffin Races and a wake for Emma."</p><br>
<p>In 1910 Alice rented the home on her own to prepare for a role as Lady Macbeth in Denver. She dressed in costume and required others to call her Lady Macbeth. As her behavior became increasingly odd, visitors stopped coming to the home and merchants had a hard time finding delivery boys to bring supplies to her. While she lived at the castle, a friend rescued her during a suicide attempt where she had been shooting at ghosts and shot herself; Attempting to set another ghost on fire, she set fire to her bed clothes. Alice was treated at St. Francis Hospital in Colorado Springs. She left Manitou Springs "a bitter and despondent woman". Many believe her spirit lives on in the castle.</p><br>
<p>Mount Prevost is a mountain on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. It is northwest of Duncan and has a distinctive skyline with the two rock bluffs. On top of the highest north bluff is a war memorial.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The mountain was featured in the legends of the creation of the Cowichan First Nation. During the Great Flood one man took refuge on top of Swuqus or Swukas (Prevost) while all the others died. In Sooke, there were two women who also stayed on high ground to escape the waters. When the waters receded they moved up island and found the lone Cowichan man. These three people are the ancestors of the Cowichan tribe.</p><br>
<p>The mount&#39;s modern name is a tribute to Captain James Charles Prevost, RN, who served aboard HMS Satellite and was British Commissioner in the San Juan Islands boundary dispute also known as The Pig War.</p><br>
<p>The forest became part of a Municipal Forest established in 1946.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>The mountain is open all year except during periods of high fire hazard. Some of the roads have gates and these may be closed at certain times. There are many trails on the mountain, but none were built or are maintained by the municipality of North Cowichan. There are expansive views of the Gulf Islands and Cowichan Valley from the mountain. It has been used as a launching site for hang gliding, complete with a Windsock.</p><br>
<p>Mount Prevost can be reached from Mt. Prevost Road off Somenos Road. The road to the summit is about 8 kilometres or 20 minutes long.</p><br>
<p>Pearces Mill is a former mill site east of Hamilton in Marion County, Alabama. The mill was founded along the Buttahatchee River in the 1840s, before being abandoned during the Civil War. James P. Pearce returned to the mill in 1865 and developed it into an economic center in the region. At its height in the 1870s, the complex hosted a general store with a post office, a gristmill, sawmill, flour mill, and cotton gin, in addition to the family house. Pearces mule teams carried the mills&#39; production to market in Tuscumbia. as improved roads and railroads drove commerce to Hamilton and other nearby towns, the store closed in 1930, and the mills ceased operation in 1959.</p><br>
<p>The mills were demolished in 1970 for safety reasons, however the dam and portions of the gristmill remain. The family home, built in 1878, was initially a two-room dogtrot structure. Rooms were added in the early 1900s and in 1916, a second floor was constructed. Stone fireplaces were added in the 1930s by the Works Progress Administration. Other remaining structures on the site include the two-story Victorian general store, built in the early 1870s; a tenant farmers&#39; house; a former blacksmith shop; a barn; a shed; the family cemetery; and an abandoned bridge.</p><br>
<p>The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<h2>Demographics</h2><br>
<p>Pearce&#39;s Mills appeared on the 1880 USA Census as an unincorporated community (village) of 70 residents. This was the only time it appeared on census rolls.</p><br>
<p>Westmount Summit is the summit of one of the three peaks of Mount Royal  located in Westmount, Quebec, Canada. Part of the geographical summit is located within the Montreal borough of Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce.</p><br>
<p>The summit is approximately 201 m above sea-level. The park occupies approximately 23.087 hectare of land at the summit, making it the largest park in Westmount.</p><br>
<p>A lookout is located on its southern face, providing views over Westmount, Montreal, the south shore and the Eastern Townships.</p><br>
<h2>Summit woods</h2><br>
<p>McGill University owned the land on Westmount Summit in the late nineteenth century, which it used for a botanical garden. In the early twentieth century, McGill donated the land to the City of Westmount on the condition that it become a bird sanctuary. Today, there are about 180 species of bird on Westmount Summit.</p><br>
<p>There are also many species of wild plant and flowers located in the summit woods.</p><br>
<p>The summit woods are bordered on all sides by Summit Circle, a notable residential portion of Westmount.</p><br>
<p>The Glenford Bank is a historic bank in the small village of Glenford, Ohio, United States. Built in the early twentieth century, the building has served as a core component of village life for much of its history, and it has been named a historic site because of its distinctive architecture.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Glenford was founded early in the nineteenth century, but for much of its early history it was a small crossroads, consisting of an unplatted small mill town at a spot where Jonathans Creek could be forded. It was not until the railroads ran through it that it began to grow. By the 1910s, the village had grown to the point that some thought a bank could take its place in the community; the bank was incorporated in 1916, In later years, it served as a fire station for a time; by the 1960s, it was being used as a community center, and the walls of the main meeting room had been painted to depict scenes from the communitys history. In 1987, the owners began to restore the building; performed under the leadership of Central Ohio Technical College professor Whitney Tussing, who operated a historic preservation-oriented architecture practice in Glenford, the project saw the building turned into a residence. In later years, Tussings work at the bank attracted coverage by a Home and Garden Channel television show, and Tussing himself has spoken of the bank-to-house project as one of his leading projects.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Built of brick on a brick foundation, the bank is covered by a slate roof and features various elements of stone; a single-story rectangular building, its stretcher-bond walls are divided into two bays on some sides and three bays on the others. The main entrance is located in a recessed entryway at one of the corners; concrete steps provide access to the entrance, which features a rounded archway above to its panelled ceiling. A subsidiary entrance is located nearby on the southern side; it features a wooden cornice with Neoclassical ornamental urns, which together separate the transom from the fanlight. The building&#39;s exceptional Neoclassical styling is reinforced by the interior, which includes carefully worked oak wood.</p><br>
<h2>Historic designation</h2><br>
<p>In early 1990, three years after Whitney Tussing&#39;s restoration project began, the Glenford Bank was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It qualified for inclusion on the National Register because of its distinctive architecture; the bank is a rare example of Neoclassical styling on a small-town bank from the early twentieth century. One of thirteen National Register-listed locations in Perry County, it is one of two in the Glenford area; the other is the Glenford Fort, a large Hopewellian ceremonial enclosure constructed atop a nearby ridgeline.</p><br>
<p>Judson Moss Bemis House, also known as Hearthstone Inn, is a historic Queen Anne house in Colorado Springs, Colorado. It is listed in the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Judson Moss Bemis family</h2><br>
<p>Judson Moss Bemis and his wife, Alice Cogswell Bemis, moved to Colorado Springs in 1881 for her health. She may have had tuberculosis. (See Tuberculosis treatment in Colorado Springs).</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1885 and became the permanent home of Alice Bemis and their daughter, Alice; Judson Moss Bemis lived in the home several months a year and conducted business and lived the rest of the year in Boston. He was the founder of J. M. Bemis Company.</p><br>
<p>In Colorado Springs, Bemis founded the Business Administration and Banking School, was a trustee of Colorado College and donated monies for the Jackson and Bemis Halls. Alice Cogswell Bemis founded the Day Care Center in 1897. The couples daughter, Alice Bemis Taylor, donated monies to Colorado College, helped fund the construction of the Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center and the Colorado Springs Day Nursery, and provided scholarships. She was the first woman trustee of Colorado College, founded the Bemis-Taylor Child Guidance Clinic, and in 2010 was inducted into the Colorado Womens Hall of Fame.</p><br>
<h2>The house</h2><br>
<p>The Bemis House, designed by W. F. Ellis, is a blend of architectural styles, including Queen Anne, Colonial Revival and Stick architectural styles. The three story home originally had 10 rooms and a partial basement, and received additions in 1886 and 1887. After 90 years the home was converted into an apartment house with 10 apartments based upon designs by architects MacLaren and Thomas.</p><br>
<h2>Hearthstone Inn</h2><br>
<p>Dot Williams and Ruth Williams purchased the Bemis House and the neighboring historic home to create Hearthstone Inn. The second house was built in 1900. For a period of time it was a boarding house for individuals with tuberculosis. The buildings were restored and renovated as an inn with a restaurant and 25 rooms. The architects for the project were Al Feinstein of Colorado Springs and William Odum of Dallas. The inn and its antiques were purchased by David and Nancy Oxenhandler in 1999 for $1,925,000. In 2005 it was sold to Griffis/ Blessing Investment Services.</p><br>
<p>Lake Hart is actually two separate bodies of water that are joined as one body in very rainy years. The smaller body is circular and is northeast of the main body. The main body is in the shape of a figure eight with an oval body connected by a wide channel of water. Lake Hart is a natural freshwater lake with an 67.85 acre surface area. It is bordered on the west by residences in a gated community. On the south and east are residences in the Lake Ashton gated community. To the northeast and north are low-lying areas with no residential development on them. This lake is on the south fringe of Winter Haven, Florida.</p><br>
<p>There is no public access to Lake Hart, as its shores nowhere border public property. Although there is nowhere for the fishing public to access the lake, the Hook and Bullet website says Lake Gross contains largemouth bass, bluegill and crappie.</p><br>
<p>The Miami County Courthouse, located east of the junction of Miami and Silver Streets in Paola, is the seat of government of Miami County, Kansas. The courthouse was built from 1898 to 1899 and has housed the countys government ever since. Architect George P. Washburn designed the courthouse; its design is Victorian with Romanesque Revival details. The building features a tower at each corner; the southwest tower was once a clock tower but no longer has a clock. The east and west entrances to the courthouse feature porches with brick columns. The upper windows of the building are arched with stone; the stone continues around the building in a band, a feature described as "one of the strongest elements of the design". The courthouse&#39;s roof incorporates a variety of designs; the main part of the roof and the towers are hipped, while gable ends are located between the towers.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 1, 1973.</p><br>
<p>Black Forest School or Old Log School of Black Forest is a historic school in Black Forest, Colorado. It is a National Register of Historic Places listing and is one of the schools on a multiple submission of "Rural School Buildings in Colorado" for the Colorado State Register of Historic Properties.</p><br>
<p>Between 1922 and 1945 the building was used as a school house, church and community center building. The school closed in 1945. It was a residence for a county worker and his family from 1947 to 1977. The Friends of the Black Forest Log School was formed to save and restore the building. By 2000, the restoration of the school house was completed and, it is now used for community activities and tours.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>School house</h3><br>
<p>The one-room school house was built in 1920-1921 by Black Forest community residents, who also provided the land and building materials. It was the first public building in the Black Forest area. The building, 32 by 22 feet, was constructed with Ponderosa logs. The school room was heated by a coal burning stove with a red brick chimney. It had a well and an outhouse. Children were taught the first to eighth grades beginning in the fall of 1922. In addition to education of children, the building was also used as a church on Sundays, a summer Bible school for children in the summer, and for other events. In 1925, an addition was added to the front of the building for a cloakroom and to store coal. The school closed in 1945 and was consolidated with other rural schools, such as the Forest View School which was 5 miles to the southeast of the Black Forest School.</p><br>
<h3>Residence</h3><br>
<p>From 1947 to 1977 the school house was the residence of a man who worked for the county road commission and his family. In 1947, the building was converted to a 2 bedroom home with a living room and kitchen. Electricity was brought into the home, a septic system was added and a new well was dug for the home. Indoor plumbing was installed in one side of the addition in 1951, and a utility room was added to the other side in 1975. The property was abandoned by the county in 1981.</p><br>
<h3>Restoration</h3><br>
<p>After the school house had been abandoned, the volunteer Friends of the Black Forest Log School began work to have the school restored. In 1992, they submitted an application to the National Register of Historic Places. Community residents volunteered time and donated monies to restore the school.</p><br>
<p>The Friends of the Black Forest Log School was incorporated in 2009.</p><br>
<h2>Anniversary celebration</h2><br>
<p>In 2012, a 90th anniversary celebration was held during the summer. The building had several public openings and celebrations, including games of hopscotch, tug of war and jump rope.</p><br>
<h2>Other log buildings</h2><br>
<p>Near the school house are other log buildings, including a Black Forest store built in the late 1920s, a Community Hall completed in 1929, and a log church completed in 1940.</p><br>
<p>The Franklin County Courthouse, located in Courthouse Square on Main Street in Ottawa, is the seat of government of Franklin County, Kansas. The courthouse was built from 1892 to 1892; while Ottawa had been the county seat since 1864, it lacked a permanent courthouse prior to then. Architect George P. Washburn designed the courthouse in the Romanesque Revival style; the red brick courthouse is considered one of Washburns "most outstanding works". The design features four square corner towers, a typical feature of Washburns designs; two cupolas on the roof include a bell tower and a clock tower. The intricate roof design includes a main hipped roof with gable ends on each side and steep hipped roofs atop the towers. The roof line is ridged with a metal spine, and a dentillated cornice runs beneath the roof&#39;s edge. The east and west entrances to the courthouse are through large porches supported by brick columns and topped with balconies. The second-story windows are arched and connected by a band of stone.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 17, 1972.</p><br>
<p>The Paradise Valley Ranger Station, located at 355 S. Main St. in Paradise Valley, serves a district of the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest in Humboldt County, northwestern Nevada. It has also been known as the Paradise Valley Guard Station.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The ranger station was built in 1933 in an American Craftsman Bungalow style. It was designed by the USA Forest Service architects and built by the Civilian Conservation Corps−CCC for the then named Humboldt National Forest.</p><br>
<p>The construction of the ranger station building started in 1934 by the Civilian Conservation Corps was halted for several years but the work was resumed and completed in 1941.</p><br>
<h3>National Register of Historic Places</h3><br>
<p>The building was deemed significant as a product of the National Forest Service&#39;s work with the Civilian Conservation Corps, a government jobs program of the Great Depression. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996. The listing included seven contributing buildings and one other contributing structure.</p><br>
<h2>Present day</h2><br>
<p>Currently, the station is run by the United States Forest Service for the Santa Rosa Range District of the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest, in Nevada.</p><br>
<p>The Mud Springs Station Archeological District, which includes the Mud Springs Pony Express Station Site, near Dalton, Nebraska, has significance dating to the mid-19th century. The Pony Express station at Mud Springs, staffed by USA soldiers, was attacked by Lakota, Cheyenne, and Arapaho tribesmen during February 4–6, 1865, in what became known as the Battle of Mud Springs.</p><br>
<p>In 1966, the site of the Pony Express station was a 150 x plot. Part of the present area was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973 as Mud Springs Pony Express Station Site, and the listing was expanded to 48 acre and renamed on the register in 2011. It has also been designated Nebraska historic site 25MO72.</p><br>
<h2>Brief History</h2><br>
<p>Mud Springs Station, a native American territory in the olden times, served as a Pony Express site in 1860-61. It was named after the springs found at the opening of a canyon that divided Lodge Pole Creek and North Platte River Valleys, Dalton, Nebraska. The station served travelers en route the dry and arid trail from the Lodge Pole Creek to Oregon.</p><br>
<p>In 1859, Mud Springs Station saw the coming of crude houses and a stage station for coach service, the movement called as Pony Express. But its life proved short-lived and in, 1861, abruptly ceased. But, as a legacy, a transcontinental telegraph station was established at Mud Springs Station and a daily stage coach service continued its service.</p><br>
<p>The telegraph station, that served till 1876 proved a savior for Mud Spring Station, when an impending attack by the Sioux and Cheyenne Indians was thwarted by a SOS telegraph sent to the US troops. Today, as the last vestige of the Mud Spring Station, a stone monument, inlaid with a bronze Pony Express plaque, stands at the historic site.</p><br>
<p>Currently, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, originally, the Pony Express Station site was donated in 1939 to the Nebraska State Historical Society, by the then site-owner, Mrs. Scherer.</p><br>
<p>The Lee and Gottliebe Fritz House, located at 132 North Oak in Gordon, Nebraska, is a historic house that was built in 1909. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places  in 2003. The listing included a garage, older than the house itself, as another contributing building.</p><br>
<p>In its NRHP nomination, it was deemed significant as "a distinctive example of a significant type of construction in Gordon, Nebraska, namely... a Dutch Colonial Revival residence." It was noted that Dutch Colonial Revival is "extremely rare...in this part of Nebraska." In fact it is apparently the only example in Sheridan County. And also it was also deemed significant for association with Lee Fritz, "a leading Sheridan County citizen".</p><br>
<p>Boulder Crescent Place Historic District is a historic area in Colorado Springs, Colorado along West Boulder and Cascade Avenue near the intersection of the two streets. It is a National Register of Historic Places listing and is on the Colorado State Register of Historic Properties.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>Five houses in the district are examples of Dutch Colonial Revival and Queen Anne architecture built in Colorado Springs between 1894 and 1901. The city grew dramatically when people came to the Pikes Peak region at the turn-of-the-century "for their health and to enjoy the natural scenic beauty." The Boulder Crescent Place area is located near Memorial Valley Park and the streets are lined with trees planted when the homes were developed at the turn of the 20th century.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Boulder - Cascade block was laid out in 1883. It was conveniently located near the downtown business district, the railroad station and Monument Valley Park. The district is significant for its architectural charm, retention of its original appearance and residential use, setting along the wide, tree-line Cascade Avenue and proximity to the park.</p><br>
<p>The homes at 312 and 320 N. Cascade were built on land as subdivided in 1883. After the land was subdivided into smaller lots in 1898, the other three houses in the district were soon built in close proximity to one another. Although originally intended as quality single-family residences, some of the buildings became boarding houses for the large number of tourists or infirm who came to Colorado.</p><br>
<h2>Houses</h2><br>
<p>Calhan Rock Island Railroad Depot is a historic railroad station located in Calhan, Colorado. The Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad provided transportation between Colorado Springs and Kansas until it went into bankruptcy in the early 1970s. The depot, built in 1906, still stands on its original site. The rails were removed and sold for scrap by 1994.</p><br>
<h2>Depot station</h2><br>
<p>The one story depot was built according to a common Rock Island depot plan at the time. It had a waiting room, ticket office, freight storage area and a pot belly coal stove. The building, about 24 x, had wood clapboard siding, and windows facing the train tracks in the passenger waiting area. Station personnel were able to view trains as they entered and left the station from a bay window. Later the wood siding was covered by asbestos siding and there was likely a change in window and door placement from the original design.</p><br>
<p>Simiutaq Island, old spelling Simiutak, is an uninhabited island in the Kujalleq municipality in southwestern Greenland.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Simiutaq is located south of the mouth of the Ikersuaq fjord in the Julianehab Bay, Labrador Sea, North Atlantic Ocean, near Qaqortoq.</p><br>
<p>Its name is a generic Inuit name for an island at the head of a fjord. It should not be confused with Simiutak (aka Cruncher Island) that had a similar function as a support station at the mouth of Sondrestromfjord, serving the air base at Sondrestrom. Cruncher Island was allocated the code name Bluie West 9.</p><br>
<h2>Radio station</h2><br>
<p>The station at Simiutak Island, commonly referred to as Bluie West 3 (BW-3) during the time of American operation, was a major wartime radio communications and meteorological facility on the southwest coast of Greenland, marking the entrance to the fjords that led to Narsarsuaq and Julianehaab. The USA Army facility was operational long into the post-war era. Four miles east from Simiutak was the USA Navy station Gamatron, which was abandoned after the war.</p><br>
<h3>Foundation</h3><br>
<p>The USA Coast Guard searched for a suitable site for a radio direction finding (RDF) site in the Julianehaab area in July 1941, to serve as an auxiliary for sea traffic and anticipated air traffic associated with the BW-1 base which began construction that month. Coast Guard documents show the ship Algonquin arriving from Boston with a radio beacon for Site A (Gamatron) in November. The cutter North Star searched for a construction site and transported men and equipment there. Construction of Gamatron and Simiutak was carried out simultaneously in November and December 1941 and expanded as needed thereafter. On 13 December, USCGC North Star left having erected supplies and temporary housing. USCGC Raritan supported the construction of nearby BW-3.</p><br>
<h3>Operation</h3><br>
<p>Gamatron was in partial operation from 10 January 1942 and in full operation from 30 March. On 15 August BW-3 was declared in full operation and simultaneously, nearby aircraft guard station "C" (ship) was abandoned.</p><br>
<p>Cruncher Island (BW-9) was built June - August 1942. On 4 September the Light and Radio Beacon were declared operational.</p><br>
<p>BW-3 became an essential navigation aid for ships and aircraft. A non-directional beacon (NDB) was situated there to provide a coastal fix for aircraft attempting the BW-1 approach. A weather station reported aviation weather. A high frequency (HF) communications site was set up to communicate with aircraft over a wide area. Gamatron was listed as having a camp for one officer and forty enlisted men.</p><br>
<p>After the United States Air Force left BW-3, agencies of the Danish government took over and operated the site for many years. While there is no native population close by, the site was frequently visited by vessels transiting the area.</p><br>
<p>In 1945, the USA State Department defined the Simiutak Defense Area as the entire island of Simiutak situated at the mouth of Skovfjord at approx. 6041N and 4634W and the adjacent waters for a distance of one mile for the shore line. The nearby naval facility of Gamatron was defined similarly as the unnamed (Gamatron) Island lying south of Hollaender Island at approx. 6040N and 4626W and the islands and waters adjacent thereto for a distance of one mile from the shoreline. BW-9 was defined as 66N to 6607N and 5325W to 5348W.</p><br>
<p>Carlton House is a historic Spanish Colonial Revival house located in Pine Valley of the United States Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs, Colorado. It has been used as a residence for Mrs. Albert E. Carlton, a country club called the Pine Valley Club and, among other Academy functions, a residence for the United States Air Force Academy Superintendent.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>Richard Requa, an architect from San Diego designed the Spanish Colonial Revival house. The main house was built in two phases: the first floor was completed in 1930 and the second floor was completed in 1935. A total of nine buildings were built on the Carlton House property,</p><br>
<p>Richard Requa&#39;s designs were a "Southern California Style" of Spanish Colonial Revival architecture which he defined in his book Architectural Details: Spain and the Mediterranean:</p><br>
<p>Buildings simple in mass and pleasing in outline and proportion</p><br>
<p>Walls built of rough masonry, finished on the exterior with stucco, whitewashed or tinted light pastel shades</p><br>
<p>Roofs either flat or low pitched, covered with well rounded, burned clay tiles</p><br>
<p>Ornament used with restraint, discrimination, and with definite reason and purpose</p><br>
<p>Exterior interest obtained by wrought iron, wood or stucco, window grilles, shutters, balconies or similar practical features</p><br>
<p>Focal point of exterior usually the main entrance where the finest ornamental work is concentrated</p><br>
<p>Courts, patios and gardens an indispensable feature of the architectural treatment</p><br>
<h2>Carlton residence</h2><br>
<p>The house was first built as a residence for Albert E. Carlton and his wife Ethel Frizzell-Carlton. Carlton purchased the property in 1928 from William A. Otis to build a home for his wife. Carlton was a successful businessman, having invested in mine, banks and railroads. He was named "King of Cripple Creek" due to the success of his mines there, including Cresson Mine,"one of the most profitable mines in the town.</p><br>
<p>Mrs. Carlton had become enamored of the Spanish Colonial Revival architecture during her travels across Southern California. Subsequently architect Richard Requa was hired to design their home. The house was a "leading social center in the region." However, he preferred to live at The Broadmoor resort and never lived at the Pine Valley home. Mr. Carlton died in 1931. Mrs. Carlton furnished the home with antiques that she purchased in Europe and lived there until 1950. She donated antique furnishings to The Broadmoor.</p><br>
<h2>Country Club</h2><br>
<p>Jack Valentine of Florida purchased the property from Mrs. Carlton for the Pine Valley Club, a popular private country club with a golf course and swimming pool. He landscaped the property and built a pool house and auxiliary kitchen. He sold the property to the government in 1955.</p><br>
<h2>Air Force Academy</h2><br>
<p>The house was used as a Junior-Senior High School during the period in which the School District 20 were completed. Then, due to funding considerations, the house was allocated for use as a home for the Academy Superintendent. Before the Cadet Chapel was completed, weddings were conducted on the property for cadets and their brides. It has also been used for visits by foreign dignitaries and Academy functions.</p><br>
<h3>Buildings</h3><br>
<p>All of the following buildings have a stuccoed exterior. The main house has two stories and the rest are one story buildings. Generally the interior walls are plaster. There are multiple courtyards among and between the buildings.</p><br>
<h3>Maintenance costs</h3><br>
<p>In 2000, Congress mandated that maintenance costs for generals&#39; residences should not exceed $25,000 per year. Anything more than that would require approval. An audit of maintenance expenses found that $2.4 million total had been spent between 1987 and June, 1999; $500,000 covered by the military family housing budget and the remainder from the base operation and maintenance budget. It was estimated that an additional total of $1.2 million would be spent through the fiscal year end in 2006.</p><br>
<p>The auditors found that there were unwarranted expenditures and that there had been inconsistent tagging of public (Academy) vs. private (residential) space and resource usage, which affects which budget is used to pay the expenses. For instance, $300,000 was spent to renovate the kitchen, which had been identified as public space. However, there were about 1.4 functions per month that required the use of the kitchen and most of the improvements were thought to have benefited the residential occupants. Further, renovations were being made more frequently than was standard practice.</p><br>
<p>The audit stipulated that "Air Force guidance on historical housing facilities states bases should consider major upgrading, alternate uses, or disposing of historic housing if repair and maintenance costs become excessive."</p><br>
<p>The Randolph Mitchell House is a historic house in the small community of New Reading, Ohio, United States. One of the most prominent old buildings in the area&#39;s oldest settlement, it was once the home of a leading local resident, and it has been named a historic site because of its distinctive Neoclassical-influenced architecture.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Settled in 1801, the community of New Reading was platted in 1805, before any other community in Perry County; for much of its early history, it was better known as "Overmyertown" in honor of its founder, Peter Overmyer. Before long, Mitchell had gained high standing in the community; he was a prominent member of the village&#39;s Methodist church, and later generations remembered him as one of the leading merchants of old New Reading.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Mitchells house is a brick building with a foundation of sandstone, a slate roof, and miscellaneous elements of sandstone and other types of stone. Built with a floor plan in the shape of the letter "L", the house is entered primarily through a grand entrance in the center of its five-bay facade. This entrance is the exteriors most prominent component, due to its trabeated entrance with an archway, its eight-panelled surrounding windows and fanlight, and its Ionic columns on both sides of the doorway. Inside, the house is divided into rooms surrounding a single hallway, and the rooms feature neoclassical detailing. The plan and details of the house&#39;s interior and entrance combine to make it typical of the Adam style, while the exterior is clearly Federal in style.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>The Randolph Mitchell House occupies a prominent place in the extant early architecture of Perry County. Few period residences in the area can compare with its Federal and Adam styling, and few have experienced so few changes by the hand of man. In December 1978, the Mitchell House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying both because of its distinctive architecture and because of its place as the home of a prominent citizen. It is one of four National Register-listed properties in Reading Township, along with St. Josephs Catholic Church near Somerset, the home of General Philip Sheridans family in Somerset, and Somerset&#39;s public square.</p><br>
<p>The Perry County Courthouse is a historic government building in the village of New Lexington, Ohio, United States. Built near the end of the nineteenth century after the end of a county seat war, it is the fifth courthouse to serve the citizens of Perry County, and it has been named a historic site because of its imposing architecture.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>After Perry County was established in 1817, the county commissioners and courts met for their first two years at John Fink&#39;s tavern on the eastern side of Somerset at the corner of Main Street (the Zane Trace) and High Street. leaving the old courthouse to be used by Somerset as its village hall.</p><br>
<p>The first courthouse at New Lexington was not paid for by the taxpayers in general, because advocates of New Lexington as county seat had raised the necessary amount through private donations. Among the stipulations of the state law permitting the removal of the county seat was that suitable buildings should be provided if the seat were to be moved; such a building was finished, but it stood vacant for several years before the offices were placed in it. As the end of the nineteenth century approached, the county&#39;s needs expanded to the point that the old courthouse was insufficient, and a fifth courthouse, the present structure, was erected in 1887 and dedicated one year later.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Designed by Joseph W. Yost, and from the large monolithic wall above the main entrance. Its Romanesque influence is apparent from details such as the miniature turrets above the main entrance and on the corners of the tower. From its earliest years, the courthouse has been considered one of Ohio&#39;s grandest, due in part to its location in a small community in a rural county.</p><br>
<h2>Jail</h2><br>
<p>Located behind the courthouse is the old county jail, a three-story brick building.</p><br>
<h2>Recent history</h2><br>
<p>In 1981, the Perry County Courthouse and its jail were listed together on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying for designation both because of their architecture and because of their place in Ohio&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>In the 1990s, the courthouse attracted statewide attention when a prominent lawsuit, DeRolph v. State, was filed in the Perry County Common Pleas Court. Claiming that Ohios existing system of school funding violated the state constitution, a coalition of school districts in southern Ohio sued the state in 1991 in order to force through a fundamental change in school funding. Upon the county judges ruling in favor of the coalition three years later, the lawsuit was appealed through the courts and received numerous trials in all levels of the Ohio judiciary throughout the rest of the decade, including multiple decisions by the Supreme Court.</p><br>
<p>The Atchison County Courthouse, located at the southwest corner of 5th and Parallel Streets in Atchison, is the seat of government of Atchison County, Kansas. The stone courthouse was built from 1896 to 1897 and replaced the countys first courthouse, which had been built in 1859. County officials wanted the courthouse to resemble the Franklin County Courthouse in Ottawa, so they hired that buildings architect, George P. Washburn, to design the new courthouse. Washburn designed the building in the Romanesque Revival style. The courthouse&#39;s design features four corner towers, including a seven-story clock tower. The main entrance to the courthouse has a porch within a large arch; the doorway is contained in a smaller arch. The building has a hip roof with intersecting gable dormers; the towers have pyramidal roofs.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 16, 1975.</p><br>
<p>The Harding County Courthouse, located on Pine St. in Mosquero, is the county courthouse in Harding County, New Mexico. The courthouse was completed in 1922; while the building had existed previously as a school, it was extensively remodeled to become the county courthouse. It is considered the grandest public building ever built in the county, the smallest in the state by population. The two-story building has a Classical Revival design with modest decoration; its main features include an entrance framed by piers and a cornice, pilasters above the entrance, and an egg and dart entablature. The courthouse grounds make up one of the only two dedicated public spaces in the county, along with the public square in Roy.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 7, 1987.</p><br>
<p>The Tuna Club of Avalon is a private members&#39;s club in Avalon on Santa Catalina Island in California.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was founded by Charles Frederick Holder (1851–1915) in 1898.</p><br>
<p>Early members included Zane Grey, Bing Crosby, Charlie Chaplin, Stan Laurel, Hal Roach, Cecil B. DeMille, Herbert Hoover and George S. Patton. Bemong the first honorary members were Theodore Roosevelt, then Governor of New York, author Henry Van Dyke (both elected in 1898), Henry Markham (elected in 1899), ex-President Grover Cleveland (1899), Gifford Pinchot (1906) and Charles Hallock (1907). Against wide-spread opinion and popular belief, the future prime minister Winston Churchill was not part of the membership. The club hosted Churchill once, for a first and unique visit in 1929. On that occasion the then Chancellor of the Exchequer hooked and reeled in a 125-pound marlin.</p><br>
<p>Despite being an all-male club for many years, it does not discriminate against female membership.</p><br>
<p>Beyond its listed clubhouse, it also leases waterfront facilities.</p><br>
<h2>Clubhouse</h2><br>
<p>The clubhouse is located at 100 St. Catherine Way in Avalon on Santa Catalina Island in California. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places since April 2, 1991. It is also listed as a California Historical Landmark.</p><br>
<p>The clubhouse was used as a location for the 1974 film Chinatown. In the film, the Tuna Club was renamed the Albacore Club.</p><br>
<h2>Bibliography</h2><br>
<p>Limestone, also known as Limestone Plantation and Limestone Farm, has two historic homes and a farm complex located near Keswick, Albemarle County, Virginia. The main dwelling at Limestone Farm consists of a long, narrow two-story central section flanked by two wings. the main section was built about 1840, and the wings appear to be two small late-18th-century dwellings that were incorporated into the larger building. It features a two-story porch. The house underwent another major renovation in the 1920s, when Colonial Revival-style detailing was added. The second dwelling is the Robert Sharp House, also known as the Monroe Law Office. It was built in 1794, and is a 2 1/2-story, brick and frame structure measuring 18 feet by 24 feet. Also on the property are a contributing shed , corncrib , cemetery, a portion of a historic roadway, and a lime kiln known as "Jeffersons Limestone Kiln" . Limestones owner in the late-18th century, Robert Sharp, was a neighbor and acquaintance of Thomas Jefferson. The property was purchased by James Monroe in 1816, after the death of Robert Sharp in 1808, and he put his brother Andrew Monroe in charge of its administration. The property was sold at auction in 1828.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
